ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FRAILTY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

Aim: Determination of factors associated with frailty syndrome (FS) in patients with heart failure (HF).

Materials and methods: Consecutive patients hospitalized in the department were assessed for the presence of FS using L. Fried criteria, Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) and Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). Presence of arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure was included in the analysis based on patients' medical history and findings from current hospitalization. Patients were assessed for the presence of depression using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Physical capacity was assessed using NYHA classification.

Results: 87 patients (mean age 81.4±6.7; 57 women; 11 HFrEF, mean NYHA 2.36±1.21; 11 HFmrEF, mean NYHA 2.18±1.08; 65 HFpEF mean NYHA 1.94±1.09) were included in the analysis. Multivariable analysis showed significant relationship between FS assessed with EFS and age (β=0.316, SE=0.08; p=0.0001), arterial hypertension (β=-0.194, SE=0.08; p=0.0173), COPD (β=0.176, SE=0.08; p=0.0300) and depression (β=0.565, SE=0.08; p=0.0000). FS assessed with L. Fried criteria was significantly related to age (β=0.359, SE=0.09; p= 0.0001), NYHA classification (β= 0.336, SE=0.09; p=0.0002) and depression (β=0.297, SE=0.09; p=0.0010). Age (β=0.251, SE=0.10; p=0.0114) and depression (β=0.375, SE=0.1; p=0.0002) were significantly related to FS assessed using TFI. In multivariable analysis HF phenotype was not significantly related to FS.

Conclusions: Age and depression assessed with BDI are related to FS in patients with HF. Arterial hypertension and COPD are linked to FS assessed using EFS, whereas NYHA classification is linked to FS assessed with L. Fried criteria. No statistically significant relationship was found between FS and HF phenotype.