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Related Concept Videos

Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

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Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
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Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Evolutionary Psychology01:20

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Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the...
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Visualizing Visual Adaptation
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Selection and adaptation in human migration.

Adrian Viliami Bell1,2

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Evolutionary Anthropology
|August 17, 2023
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Summary

Migration profoundly impacts human biology, influencing genetics, physiology, and culture. Adaptations occur across individual, family, and community levels during migration, shaping evolutionary trajectories.

Keywords:
cultureevolutionhuman biologymigration

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Area of Science:

  • Human biology
  • Evolutionary science
  • Sociocultural anthropology

Background:

  • Migration is a complex phenomenon with significant biological and sociocultural implications.
  • Human adaptation to migration involves physiological, genetic, and cultural dimensions.
  • Understanding these adaptations is crucial for comprehending human evolutionary history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how migration shapes human biology across physiological, genetic, and sociocultural domains.
  • To highlight the multi-levelled processes of cultural and genetic selection during migration.
  • To explore the persistence of migration-related adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature across multiple disciplines.
  • Analysis of adaptation processes at origin, transit, and destination stages of migration.
  • Examination of individual, family, and community-level selective pressures.

Main Results:

  • Migration induces adaptations at individual, family, and community levels.
  • Interactions and feedbacks across these levels influence migration outcomes and evolution.
  • Evidence suggests cumulative culture and physiological adaptations are key for successful migration.

Conclusions:

  • Migration is a powerful selective force shaping human biology and evolution.
  • Adaptations to migration occur across multiple scales, from genes to culture.
  • Further research is needed on the persistence of migration-relevant adaptations and "cultures of migration."