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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

973
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
973
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

268
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
268
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
266
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

11.9K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
11.9K
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

1.3K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
266

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Lung infections in immunocompromised children.

Alistair D Calder1, Giulia Perucca2, Sarah May Johnson3

  • 1Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK. alistair.calder@gosh.nhs.uk.

Pediatric Radiology
|August 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric pulmonary infections are a major cause of illness and death in immunocompromised children. This review focuses on imaging findings and management strategies for these challenging lung infections.

Keywords:
ChestImmunodeficiencyInfectionLungPaediatricRadiologyRespiratory

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Radiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary infections represent the primary cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with immune defects.
  • Understanding the nuances of respiratory immune defenses and the diverse etiologies of immune deficiencies in children is crucial.
  • Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and improved outcomes.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on lung infections in immunocompromised children.
  • It emphasizes the critical role of imaging findings in diagnosis and management.
  • Diagnostic strategies integrating both imaging and non-imaging techniques are discussed.

Key Points:

  • Key imaging findings for various pulmonary infections in immunocompromised children are detailed.
  • Differential diagnoses are explored, highlighting characteristic presentations.
  • Imaging-based management algorithms are presented to guide clinical decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts relies on a thorough understanding of immune defects and infection characteristics.
  • Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, characterization, and management of these infections.
  • A multidisciplinary approach integrating clinical, laboratory, and imaging data is vital for optimal patient care.