Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cell Diversity

Cell Diversity

The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
Multicellular...

What are Cells?

What are Cells?

Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...

Cellular Differentiation

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...

Cell Lines

Cell Lines

A cell line is a population of cells grown in vitro that can be subcultured over several generations. Normal cells cease to divide after a certain number of cell divisions, a process known as replicative senescence. This number, called the Hayflick limit, was conceptualized by Leonard Hayflick in 1961 when he observed that fetal cells grown in culture could only divide 40-60 times. This limit is due to the shortening of the telomeres during each round of cell division, preventing cell division...

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Multiscale integration of tissue and chromatin context converts cell heterogeneity into stable intestinal patterning.

Cell·2026

Same author

Guiding Principles: Current Practices and Considerations for Benchmarking Human Gastrointestinal Organoids.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology·2026

Same author

Advancing mechanobiology from single molecules to complex cellular systems.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same author

Single-cell multi-omic atlas and morphogen screening informs midbrain and hindbrain organoid engineering.

Nature neuroscience·2026

Same author

Engineering Neuronal Network Connectivity Through Precise and Scalable Electrical Modulation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

High-throughput histopathology for complex in vitro models.

Cell reports methods·2026

Same journal

Erratum for the Research Article "Detecting supramolecular organic nanoparticles during heat wave".

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Local signals, systemic decline.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

The mechanics of liver regeneration.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Computing in a memory with physics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Retraction.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Making time.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Cell Types

Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Cell Types

Published on: April 7, 2023

What is a cell type?

Jonas Simon Fleck¹, J Gray Camp¹, Barbara Treutlein²

¹Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 17, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Charting cellular changes in human models is the next frontier for cell atlases. This approach will advance our understanding of human biology and disease through detailed perturbation mapping.

More Related Videos

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Published on: May 22, 2017

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

Published on: December 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Cell Types

Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Cell Types

Published on: April 7, 2023

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Published on: May 22, 2017

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

Cell-cell Fusion of Genome Edited Cell Lines for Perturbation of Cellular Structure and Function

Published on: December 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Cellular biology
Genomics
Systems biology

Background:

Cell atlases provide comprehensive maps of cell types within an organism.
Current cell atlases primarily focus on healthy human tissues.
Understanding cellular responses to perturbations is crucial for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose the development of human cell atlases that map cellular perturbations.
To highlight the importance of studying human model systems for comprehensive atlasing.

Main Methods:

Integration of single-cell genomics data.
Computational analysis of cellular states.
Development of standardized perturbation models.

Main Results:

Identification of key cellular responses to various perturbations.
Establishment of a framework for perturbation mapping in human systems.
Potential for discovering novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

Charting perturbations in human model systems is an essential next step for cell atlases.
This approach will significantly enhance our understanding of human health and disease.
Future cell atlases should incorporate perturbation data for greater biological insight.