Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

8.5K
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
8.5K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.2K
Overview
31.2K
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

8.4K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
8.4K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.5K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.5K
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

14.5K
Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of...
14.5K
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene01:17

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

5.8K
The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Blinatumomab-Related Lineage Switch of KMT2A/AFF1-Rearranged B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia to B/Myeloid Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia and Myeloid Sarcoma Causing Spinal Cord Compression.

Case reports in hematology·2025
Same author

Optimizing Women's Health Over the Lifespan: Why Body Composition, Bone Health and Fitness Matter.

American journal of lifestyle medicine·2025
Same author

Retrospective quality review of Department of Transportation (DOT) commercial drivers medical examination forms.

American journal of industrial medicine·2024
Same author

Patient-Reported Association Between COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination and Onset of Allergic Contact Dermatitis®.

Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug·2024
Same author

Negative formaldehyde release from textiles washed with a formaldehyde-containing laundry soap according to manufacturer instructions: An application of chromotropic acid testing.

Contact dermatitis·2023
Same author

Allergic Contact Dermatitis From 100% Mineral Oil Supported by Repeated Open Application Test.

Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants
11:32

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants

Published on: December 23, 2013

11.9K

Cross-Reactivity Between Propylene Glycol and Butylene Glycol.

Samuel F Ekstein1, Nicholas Battis1, Dominick Dabrowski2

  • 1From the Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|August 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Propylene glycol (PG) and butylene glycol (BG) show cross-reactivity. Patients allergic to butylene glycol (BG) have a high chance of reacting to propylene glycol (PG), suggesting PG is a cross-reactor.

More Related Videos

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.0K
Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications
09:22

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications

Published on: August 28, 2015

19.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2025

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants
11:32

Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants

Published on: December 23, 2013

11.9K
Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
15:33

Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

Published on: October 29, 2013

29.0K
Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications
09:22

Fabricating Superhydrophobic Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications

Published on: August 28, 2015

19.2K

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Propylene glycol (PG) and butylene glycol (BG) are common ingredients in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
  • Their structural similarity suggests potential cross-reactivity, but large-scale data is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cross-reactivity rate (CRR) between propylene glycol (PG) and butylene glycol (BG).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 893 patients undergoing patch testing for both PG and BG from 2020-2022.
  • Analysis of positive reaction frequencies and concomitant reaction rates.

Main Results:

  • 5.94% of patients reacted to PG (53/893), and 1.46% reacted to BG (13/893).
  • Among PG-allergic patients, 11.3% (6/53) also reacted to BG.
  • Among BG-allergic patients, 46.2% (6/13) also reacted to PG.

Conclusions:

  • Propylene glycol (PG) should be considered a cross-reactor for patients with butylene glycol (BG) allergy.
  • The cross-reactivity appears largely unidirectional, with a higher CRR from BG to PG than vice versa.