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Pressure Injuries: Prevention, Evaluation, and Management.

Adam J Visconti1, Orlando I Sola2, Priya V Raghavan1

  • 1MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.

American Family Physician
|August 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pressure injuries, or skin damage over bony areas, require comprehensive assessment and staging. Prevention and treatment involve optimizing nutrition, repositioning, and proper wound care to improve patient quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Wound Care
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Pressure injuries are localized skin and soft tissue damage, often over bony prominences.
  • These injuries are prevalent, costly, and significantly affect patient quality of life.
  • Effective management necessitates thorough skin assessments and risk evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current best practices for the assessment, staging, prevention, and treatment of pressure injuries.
  • To emphasize the importance of the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel's updated staging system.
  • To guide healthcare professionals in developing structured, repeatable approaches to pressure injury care.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel's updated staging system for accurate classification.
  • Implementing comprehensive risk assessments to inform prevention and care planning.
  • Employing a multi-faceted approach to prevention, including nutritional assessment, repositioning, and support surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Prevention strategies focus on nutritional status optimization, regular patient repositioning, and appropriate support surfaces.
  • Treatment encompasses pressure off-loading, nutritional support, wound debridement, and careful bandage selection.
  • Monitoring for infection, biofilms, and osteomyelitis is critical for effective wound site management.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive skin assessment and adherence to updated staging systems are vital for pressure injury evaluation.
  • A structured approach to risk assessment and prevention is essential for mitigating pressure injury development.
  • Tailored treatment plans, including wound care and monitoring, are crucial for managing pressure injuries and improving patient outcomes.