Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2025

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

12.1K

Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium

Clara Luna-Marco1, Arantxa M de Marañon2, Alberto Hermo-Argibay1

  • 1Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.

Redox Biology
|August 17, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) improve mitochondrial function and reduce inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This treatment also lowers markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk in T2D patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with metabolic dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, inflammation, and increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
  • Oxidative stress and altered leukocyte-endothelial interactions are key contributors to T2D complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in type 2 diabetic patients.
  • To assess the impact of GLP-1 RA on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 255 T2D patients and 175 controls, divided into GLP-1 RA treated (59) and untreated (196) groups.
  • Measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxygen consumption, and leukocyte-endothelial interactions in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs).
  • Quantified inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules, and CIMT.

Main Results:

  • GLP-1 RA treatment reduced ROS production and improved mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential.
  • Leukocyte-endothelial interactions were modulated, with diminished rolling and adhesion.
  • Decreased levels of pro-inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNFα, IL-12) and increased IL-10 were observed. CIMT was significantly lower in the GLP-1 RA treated group.

Conclusions:

  • GLP-1 RA treatment positively impacts redox balance and mitochondrial function in T2D.
  • The therapy reduces inflammation and leukocyte-endothelial interactions, contributing to decreased atherosclerosis progression.
  • GLP-1 RA therapy holds potential for mitigating cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes patients.
Keywords:
Atherogenesis/atherosclerosisGLP-1 RALeukocytesMitochondrial dysfunctionOxidative stressType 2 diabetes

More Related Videos

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

9.8K
An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function09:20

An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function

Published on: May 4, 2021

3.7K

Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
358
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
211
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
230
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are...
205
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
184
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.5K