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Related Concept Videos

Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

15.8K
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
15.8K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

8.2K
Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
8.2K
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination01:27

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

5.1K
In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
5.1K
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

13.0K
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
13.0K
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

2.6K
Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
2.6K
Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents01:27

Radical Substitution: Halogenation of Alkanes and Alkyl Substituents

8.3K
In the presence of heat or light, alkanes react with molecular halogens to form alkyl halides by a substitution reaction called radical halogenation. This reaction has three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination, as seen in the radical chlorination of methane to produce methyl chloride.
In the initiation step of the reaction, the chlorine molecule undergoes homolytic cleavage in the presence of light or heat, forming two highly reactive chlorine radicals. Propagation occurs in two...
8.3K

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

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Sequence-controlled alternating block polychalcogenophenes: synthesis, structural characterization, molecular

Kuo-Hsiu Huang1, Huai-Hsuan Liu1, Kuang-Yi Cheng1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China yjcheng@nycu.edu.tw.

Chemical Science
|August 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

We developed new sequence-controlled conjugated copolymers with tunable properties for electronic applications. These polymers show high performance in organic field-effect transistors and can detect bromine.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Sequence-controlled conjugated polymers are crucial for advanced electronic devices.
  • Polychalcogenophenes offer tunable optical and electronic properties.
  • Developing novel block copolymers with controlled sequences is essential for optimizing material performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new class of alternating block conjugated copolymers.
  • To investigate the impact of sequence control and chalcogen composition on polymer properties.
  • To explore the potential applications of these novel polymers in organic electronics and sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of alternating block copolymers using Ni(dppp)Cl2-catalyzed Kumada polymerization.
  • Characterization of polymer structure and sequence using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.
  • Evaluation of optical, electrochemical, and charge transport properties using UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry, and GIWAXS.
  • Fabrication and testing of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices for bromine detection.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized three novel sequence-controlled polychalcogenophenes: P(SSe)b(STe), P(SSe)b(SeTe), and P(STe)b(SeTe).
  • Achieved precise control over molecular weight, dispersity, block length, and main-chain sequence via catalyst transfer polycondensation.
  • Demonstrated high hole OFET mobility (1.4 × 10^-2 cm^2 V^-1 s^-1) for P(SSe)b(STe), a record for tellurophene-containing polymers.
  • Showcased the potential for bromine detection using tellurophene-containing polymers, exhibiting high sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed alternating block copolymers offer a versatile platform for tuning optoelectronic properties.
  • High regioregularity and controlled sequences lead to efficient charge transport and promising device performance.
  • The reversible reaction of tellurophene units with bromine enables sensitive and selective chemical sensing applications.