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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Human brown adipose tissue function: insights from current in vivo techniques.

T'ng Choong Kwok1, Roland H Stimson1

  • 1University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

The Journal of Endocrinology
|August 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation offers a potential obesity treatment. Current imaging, like 18F-FDG PET/CT, assesses BAT function, but new methods are needed for deeper insights.

Keywords:
brown adipose tissuediabetesinfrared thermographymagnetic resonance imagingmicrodialysisobesitypositron emission tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Physiology
  • Thermogenesis Research
  • Obesity Therapeutics

Background:

  • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) identified as a thermogenic organ in adults presents a novel therapeutic target for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases.
  • 18F-FDG PET/CT is the primary in vivo imaging modality for detecting and quantifying human BAT activity by measuring glucose uptake during thermogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review current in vivo techniques for assessing human BAT function.
  • To discuss insights gained, limitations of existing methods, and emerging techniques for investigating BAT.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of BAT activation for metabolic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human BAT assessment techniques.
  • Discussion of 18F-FDG PET/CT and its role in studying BAT metabolism.
  • Exploration of novel imaging and measurement techniques (MRI, ultrasound, spectroscopy, microdialysis).

Main Results:

  • 18F-FDG PET has significantly advanced understanding of human BAT physiology, regulation, and the impact of obesity.
  • Complementary information on BAT function is provided by alternative PET tracers and novel techniques.
  • Despite progress, significant questions regarding BAT physiology persist, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

  • Current techniques, particularly 18F-FDG PET/CT, have yielded valuable insights into human BAT function.
  • Emerging technologies promise to further elucidate thermogenesis pathways and the therapeutic utility of BAT.
  • Continued research and development of novel assessment methods are crucial for realizing BAT's therapeutic potential.