Monitoring of Triple Negative Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis that disproportionately affects young women and African Americans, and represents a major unmet need in the field. TNBCs display a more aggressive growth pattern with an increased risk of advanced disease and high recurrence risk in patients with early stage TNBC. The addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with early stage TNBC in the (neo) adjuvant setting per the pivotal KEYNOTE 522 significantly improved pCR rates. Despite this advancement, however, approximately 35% of patients had residual disease at the time of surgery and reduced event free survival. Further techniques to assess for molecular residual disease after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) may allow us to identify patients at high risk of relapse who may benefit from salvage adjuvant systemic therapy, while also potentially de-escalating treatment in those achieving a molecular complete response.