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Related Experiment Video

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Sustainability analysis framework for on-demand public transit systems.

Nael Alsaleh1, Bilal Farooq2

  • 1Laboratory of Innovations in Transportation (LiTrans), Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.

Scientific Reports
|August 18, 2023
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Summary

On-demand public transit (ODT) can be cost-effective for transit agencies, especially without surge pricing and below 3.37 riders/km² per day. Electrifying fleets significantly cuts emissions, making ODT a sustainable option.

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Area of Science:

  • Transportation Science
  • Urban Planning
  • Environmental Sustainability

Background:

  • Growing interest in replacing fixed-route transit with on-demand public transit (ODT).
  • Uncertainty regarding the efficiency and sustainability of ODT systems in various contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive framework for assessing ODT sustainability.
  • To evaluate efficiency, environmental impact, and social equity of ODT.

Main Methods:

  • Framework applied to Innisfil, Ontario's ODT system (operational since 2017).
  • Analysis of cost-effectiveness based on demand levels and pricing strategies.
  • Environmental impact assessment, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
  • Evaluation of social equity concerning travel and waiting times.

Main Results:

  • Crowdsourced ODTs are most cost-effective below 3.37 riders/km²/day without surge pricing.
  • Hybrid systems are optimal with surge pricing between 1.18 and 3.37 riders/km²/day.
  • Private vehicles are more sustainable below 3.37 riders/km²/day, but electrified public transit drastically reduces GHG emissions (>98%).
  • Transit systems demonstrate similar equity in waiting and in-vehicle times.

Conclusions:

  • ODT systems can be efficient and sustainable under specific demand and pricing conditions.
  • Electrification and optimized charging are key to minimizing the environmental footprint of public transit.
  • ODT systems offer comparable social equity to traditional transit.