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Related Experiment Videos

Breathlessness during exercise with and without resistive loading.

A el-Manshawi, K J Killian, E Summers

    Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Exercise intensity, inspiratory pressure, and breathing patterns significantly impact breathlessness during exertion. These factors, including inspiratory muscle shortening velocity and duty cycle, independently contribute to the sensation of dyspnea.

    Area of Science:

    • Respiratory Physiology
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Sensory Perception

    Background:

    • Breathlessness, or dyspnea, is a complex sensation influenced by various physiological factors during physical activity.
    • Understanding the specific contributions of respiratory mechanics to breathlessness is crucial for managing respiratory conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the intensity of breathlessness during exercise and resistive loading.
    • To isolate the contributions of inspiratory pressure, muscle shortening (length, velocity, frequency), and duty cycle to breathlessness.

    Main Methods:

    • Six healthy subjects performed incremental cycle ergometer tests with added inspiratory resistances (33, 57, 73 cm H2O·L−1·s).
    • Esophageal pressure (Pes), tidal volume (VT), inspiratory flow rate (VI), breathing frequency (fb), and duty cycle (TI/TT) were measured.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Breathlessness intensity was rated using the Borg scale (0-10).

    • Main Results:

    • Breathlessness intensity was significantly and independently correlated with estimated esophageal pressure (Pes), inspiratory flow rate (VI), breathing frequency (fb), and duty cycle (TI/TT).
    • The derived equation (psi = 0.11 Pes + 0.61 VI + 1.99 TI/TT + 0.04 fb - 2.60) explained 83% of the variance in breathlessness (r = 0.83).

    Conclusions:

    • Peak inspiratory pressure, velocity of inspiratory muscle shortening, duty cycle, and breathing frequency are independent contributors to breathlessness.
    • The sensation of breathlessness may be mediated by the central nervous system's awareness of motor command intensity to respiratory muscles.