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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

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Development of an Orthopedic Surgery Anatomy Curricular Model for Fourth Year Medical Students Using a Modified

Jorge H Figueras¹, Dorothy Chan¹, Bhargavi Maheshwer²

¹Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Medical Education, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Journal of Surgical Education

|August 19, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed essential anatomy learning outcomes for fourth-year medical students applying to orthopedic surgery residencies. The findings provide a flexible framework for curriculum development in surgical education.

Keywords:

anatomy curriculum anatomy-focused curricular model fourth-year medical student medical school curriculum medical student education orthopedic surgery residency

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

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Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Orthopedic Surgery
Anatomy

Background:

Designing effective fourth-year electives is crucial for medical students entering competitive residencies.
Anatomy is a foundational science for orthopedic surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop anatomy-focused learning outcomes for a fourth-year elective.
To create a framework for students applying to orthopedic surgery residencies.

Main Methods:

Utilized the ACGME Orthopedic Milestones 2.0 as a framework.
Employed a modified Delphi Method with 26 orthopedic surgeons from 18 academic centers.
Conducted two survey rounds with a 5-point Likert scale to achieve consensus on 72 proposed outcomes.

Main Results:

Consensus was reached on 45 learning outcomes after two survey rounds.
Outcomes were stratified into low-yield (8), intermediate-yield (34), and high-yield (28) categories.
The study refined the initial 72 outcomes to a consensus-driven list.

Conclusions:

A consensus-based framework of anatomy learning outcomes was established for orthopedic surgery electives.
This framework offers flexibility for institutional curriculum development in surgical education.
The study highlights the importance of expert consensus in shaping residency preparation curricula.