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Outer membrane vesicle-based intranasal vaccines.

Peter Van der Ley1, Virgil Ejc Schijns1

  • 1Intravacc BV, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|August 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Mucosal vaccines, especially intranasal delivery using outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), offer superior protection against mucosal infections compared to traditional vaccines. This approach elicits both local and systemic immunity, blocking disease entry and transmission effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Mucosal vaccines are ideal for combating infections entering through mucosal tissues (oral, nasal, pulmonary, intestinal, urogenital).
  • They induce local (secretory IgA) and systemic immunity, potentially protecting distant mucosal sites via the common mucosal immune system.
  • Next-generation mucosal vaccines may surpass parenteral vaccines by blocking infection and transmission at the mucosal surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and clinical potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a platform for mucosal vaccine delivery.
  • To highlight the advantages of intranasal delivery targeting nasal-associated lymphoid tissue for immunization.
  • To discuss the use of OMVs for both homologous bacterial antigens and heterologous antigens from viruses, parasites, and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on OMVs as vaccine platforms.
  • Analysis of studies investigating mucosal vaccine delivery, particularly intranasal routes.
  • Examination of OMV applications for diverse antigens beyond bacteria.

Main Results:

  • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are versatile platforms for delivering antigens via mucosal routes.
  • Intranasal vaccination using OMVs is particularly promising for targeting mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue.
  • OMVs can be engineered to carry antigens from various pathogens and diseases, including viruses, parasites, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered OMVs represent a promising vaccine platform for mucosal, especially intranasal, delivery.
  • This strategy holds significant potential for developing next-generation vaccines that induce robust local and systemic immunity.
  • OMVs offer a viable alternative to parenteral vaccination, with the capacity to block infection and transmission at mucosal surfaces.