Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

Published on: June 21, 2024

1.1K

Subphenotypes of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury

Shina Menon1, Katja M Gist2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Nephron
|August 20, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition in hospitalized patients. Recent research reveals AKI is a complex syndrome with diverse subphenotypes, improving our understanding of its causes and patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in hospitalized patients.
  • AKI is linked to higher mortality and both short- and long-term renal and systemic issues.
  • AKI is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous syndrome with varied causes and clinical paths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging classifications of acute kidney injury (AKI) subphenotypes.
  • To discuss the improved understanding of AKI heterogeneity and pathophysiology.
  • To highlight advancements in defining distinct AKI patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on AKI.
  • Analysis of emerging data on AKI subphenotype classifications.
  • Synthesis of information on AKI pathophysiology and clinical trajectories.

Main Results:

  • AKI presents with diverse underlying causes and clinical presentations.
  • Subphenotype classification is advancing due to a better grasp of AKI's complexity.
  • Understanding heterogeneity aids in predicting patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing AKI subphenotypes is crucial for personalized medicine.
  • Further research into AKI heterogeneity will refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Improved classification of AKI promises better patient management and prognosis.

Keywords:
Acute Disease Quality InitiativeAcute kidney injuryBiomarkersFunctional acute kidney injurySubphenotypes

More Related Videos

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

4.5K
Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney08:53

Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

Published on: August 9, 2014

44.5K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
28
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
29
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
28
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
34
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
25
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
32