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Sleep-disordered breathing in normal and pathologic aging.

C C Hoch, C F Reynolds, D J Kupfer

    The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
    |October 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Sleep apnea is common in Alzheimer's patients, affecting over 40%. This sleep disorder is linked to increased dementia severity, suggesting a connection between breathing problems and cognitive decline.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Sleep Medicine
    • Gerontology

    Background:

    • Sleep-disordered breathing is prevalent in elderly populations.
    • Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
    • The relationship between sleep apnea and cognitive decline requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence of sleep apnea in elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
    • To compare sleep apnea rates across different cognitive and mood disorder groups.
    • To explore the correlation between sleep apnea severity and dementia severity.

    Main Methods:

    • A study involving 139 elderly individuals.
    • Sleep apnea was defined as 5 or more apneas per hour.
    • Participants included Alzheimer's patients, healthy controls, depressive subjects, and those with mixed cognitive impairment and depression.

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    Main Results:

    • Sleep apnea occurred in 41.7% of Alzheimer's subjects, significantly higher than controls (5.4%), depressive subjects (11.4%), and mixed-symptom patients (16.7%).
    • Alzheimer's patients showed a higher proportion of NREM-related than REM-related apnea.
    • A positive correlation was found between the apnea index and dementia severity in Alzheimer's patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Sleep apnea is highly prevalent in elderly individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
    • Sleep apnea severity may be associated with the progression of dementia.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the clinical and neuropathologic implications of this association.