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Identifying circulating biomarkers for major depressive disorder.

En Zhang¹, Zhongfei Huang¹, Zongjun Zang¹

¹Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu, China.

Frontiers in Psychiatry

|August 21, 2023

Summary

Six circulating proteins, including insulin and Lipocalin-2, show promise as biomarkers for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD) and assessing symptom severity.

Keywords:

biomarker characteristic proteins inflammation major depressive disorder serum

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Published on: September 23, 2021

Area of Science:

Biomarker Discovery
Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Current major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis and ineffective treatments.
There is a critical need for objective diagnostic biomarkers for MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and validate circulating protein biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD.
To explore the correlation between identified biomarkers and depression severity.

Main Methods:

High-throughput antibody array technology was used to analyze 440 circulating cytokines in MDD patients and healthy controls.
LASSO regression identified characteristic proteins, which were validated using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed diagnostic value, and linear regression evaluated correlations with HAMD-17 scores.

Main Results:

Fifty-nine proteins were found to be differentially expressed in MDD patients.
Six proteins (insulin, CD40L, CD155, Lipocalin-2, HGF, LIGHT) were selected by LASSO regression.
ROC analysis demonstrated an Area Under the Curve (AUC) > 0.85 for these six proteins in discriminating MDD patients, with insulin, CD155, Lipocalin-2, HGF, and LIGHT correlating with depression severity (HAMD-17 scores).

Conclusions:

The identified six characteristic proteins show potential as diagnostic biomarkers for MDD.
Insulin, CD155, Lipocalin-2, HGF, and LIGHT may serve as indicators for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in MDD.