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Published on: December 23, 2014

Prevention of thrombosis of central venous catheters

M Borow, J G Crowley

    The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed

    Insights

    Central venous catheters can cause clots and pulmonary emboli. Catheter material, not dwell time, influences clot formation, with polyurethane being most thrombogenic and hydromer-coated polyurethane least.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomaterials Science
    • Vascular Surgery
    • Thrombosis Research

    Background:

    • Central venous catheters (CVCs) are prone to fibrin sheath and clot formation.
    • This thrombus can lead to serious complications like pulmonary emboli upon catheter removal.
    • The extent of clot formation is primarily linked to catheter material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the thrombogenicity of commonly used central venous catheter materials.
    • To determine if catheter material type influences fibrin sheath and clot volume.
    • To compare the thrombogenic potential of polyurethane, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, and hydromer-coated polyurethane catheters.

    Main Methods:

    • Commonly used central venous catheters were implanted in canine arteries and veins.
    • Catheters remained in situ for a duration of two weeks.
    • The volume of fibrin sheath and thrombus formed on each catheter type was quantitatively evaluated.

    Main Results:

    • Polyurethane catheters exhibited the highest thrombogenicity.
    • Polyurethane catheters coated with hydromer demonstrated the lowest thrombogenicity.
    • Silicone catheters showed low thrombogenicity, while polyvinyl chloride catheters had intermediate thrombogenic activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Catheter material is a critical determinant of thrombogenicity, outweighing dwell time.
    • Hydromer-coated polyurethane and silicone catheters represent potentially safer options due to reduced clot formation.
    • Understanding material-specific thrombogenicity is crucial for minimizing CVC-related complications.

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