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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Particles without a Box: Brush-first Synthesis of Photodegradable PEG Star Polymers under Ambient Conditions
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Photodegradable polar-functionalized polyethylenes.

Chaoqun Wang1,2, Jian Xia1, Yuxing Zhang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.

National Science Review
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method to create degradable polyethylene (PE). This breakthrough allows for the incorporation of cleavable and functional groups into PE, overcoming its non-degradable nature.

Keywords:
C1 chemistrydegradable plastichomogeneous catalysisnon-alternating copolymerizationpolyolefin

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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polyethylenes (PEs) are widely used but non-degradable and non-polar.
  • Existing methods to modify PE are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for incorporating cleavable and functional groups into PE.
  • To create photodegradable and surface-functionalized PEs.

Main Methods:

  • Strictly non-alternating terpolymerization of ethylene, CO, and polar monomers.
  • Utilized late transition metal catalysts and a coordination-insertion mechanism.
  • Controlled low CO concentration to prevent chelate formation.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized high-molecular-weight linear PEs with >99% isolated keto groups.
  • Achieved incorporation of main-chain functional groups.
  • Demonstrated photodegradability and improved surface properties.

Conclusions:

  • Successfully created a novel pathway for functionalizing PE.
  • The new PEs are photodegradable while maintaining bulk properties.
  • Polar groups enhance surface characteristics, expanding PE applications.