Aluminum as a Possible Cause Toward Dyslipidemia

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Environmental Health
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Aluminum is ubiquitous in daily products, leading to unavoidable human exposure.
• Aluminum exposure is linked to neurodegeneration, but its role in dyslipidemia is understudied.
• Dyslipidemia is a major global health issue contributing to non-communicable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the biochemical mechanisms linking aluminum exposure to dyslipidemia.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of aluminum's impact on lipid metabolism.
• To highlight aluminum as a potential factor in dyslipidemia development.

Main Methods:

• Literature search conducted across four medical databases.
• Adherence to PRISMA guidelines for systematic review.
• Analysis of biochemical pathways affected by aluminum.

Main Results:

• Aluminum interferes with iron-dependent enzymes in energy production (TCA cycle, electron transport chain).
• Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation are induced by aluminum.
• Aluminum modulates lipid metabolism via α-ketoglutarate, L-carnitine, and estrogen receptor pathways.
• Disruption of respiratory chain and altered glycolysis contribute to fat accumulation and hepatic disorders.

Conclusions:

• Aluminum exposure perturbs mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism, leading to dyslipidemia.
• Aluminum acts as a metalloestrogen, influencing lipid profiles and inflammation.
• Industrialization and urbanization may increase risks associated with aluminum-induced dyslipidemia.