Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Corpuscle

The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...

The Extracellular Matrix

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Timing of menstrual cups to prevent transition from optimal to not optimal vaginal microbiome community state type: Results from a 6.5-year prospective observational cohort.

Research square·2026

Same author

Enamel matrix acidification caused by loss of amelogenin phosphorylation disrupts ameloblast pH-regulatory machinery.

JBMR plus·2026

Same author

Medicaid patients have decreased access to urologic care: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Urology practice·2026

Same author

Metagenome-assembled genome sequence of an uncultured <i>Roseburia</i> sp. generated from mouse fecal DNA from the International Space Station.

Microbiology resource announcements·2026

Same author

Silver diamine fluoride alters microbial communities in subsurface dentin.

JADA foundational science·2026

Same author

Compensatory respiration supports survival during extended heat stress in <i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i>.

Science advances·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

Organic Matrix Derived from Host-Microbe Interplay Contributes to Pathological Renal Biomineralization.

Yushi Bai¹, Yongmei Wang¹, Misun Kang¹

¹Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States.

ACS Nanoscience Au

|August 21, 2023

Summary

Matrix stones, a rare kidney stone type, form from organic matter and infections. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immune proteins contribute to their structure, highlighting a dual role of the immune response in kidney stone formation.

More Related Videos

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

Published on: October 13, 2018

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

Published on: October 13, 2018

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Materials Science
Pathology

Background:

Matrix stones are rare kidney stones characterized by significant hydrogel-like organic matter.
Their formation is strongly linked to urinary tract infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the organic-inorganic interface in matrix stones.
To understand the host-microbe interactions in pathological renal biomineralization.

Main Methods:

Micro-X-ray computed tomography and microspectroscopy were used to analyze surgically extracted matrix stones.
Biochemical assays identified organic components and immune markers.

Main Results:

Matrix stones contain polysaccharide-rich organic filamentous networks with zinc, carbon, and sulfur.
These networks were found to contain Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and immune proteins like calprotectin.
Evidence suggests NETs and mucin secretion are part of an immune defense mechanism.

Conclusions:

Host immune responses, including NETs, contribute to matrix stone formation by trapping pathogens.
The organic matrix derived from host-microbe interactions facilitates the nucleation and precipitation of inorganic components.
This process illustrates the complex role of the immune system in forming renal biominerals.