Novel Biomarkers and the Multiple-Marker Approach in Early Detection, Prognosis, and Risk Stratification of Cardiac
Ashraf Ullah1, Samar Sajid2, Maria Qureshi3
1Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Insights
Utilizing multiple cardiac biomarkers aids in early heart disease detection and risk assessment. This approach improves diagnostic accuracy and patient care for cardiovascular conditions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biomarker Research
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Cardiac diseases are a leading global cause of death.
- Early detection and risk stratification are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
- Biomarkers are essential for assessing cardiovascular disease risk and monitoring progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical applications of a multiple-marker approach for early heart disease detection and risk stratification.
- To highlight novel biomarkers and their role in cardiovascular risk assessment.
Main Methods:
- This narrative review examines the simultaneous evaluation of multiple biomarkers.
- Key biomarkers discussed include high-sensitivity troponin, galectin-3, ST2, natriuretic peptides (BNP, NT-proBNP), GDF-15, MPO, FABP, CRP, Lp-PLA2, microRNAs, CECs, and IMA.
Main Results:
- Novel biomarkers show potential in identifying high-risk individuals for heart disease.
- These markers provide valuable prognostic data for cardiovascular conditions.
- The multiple-marker approach enhances risk stratification and diagnostic accuracy.
Conclusions:
- A multiple-marker strategy is highly beneficial for assessing complex cardiac illnesses.
- Implementing this approach can significantly improve patient care and outcomes in heart disease management.
Abstract:
Cardiac diseases are a primary cause of mortality worldwide, underscoring the importance of early identification and risk stratification to enhance patient outcomes. Biomarkers have become important tools for the risk assessment of cardiovascular disease and monitoring disease progression. This narrative review focuses on the multiple-marker approach, which involves simultaneously evaluating several biomarkers for the early detection and risk stratification of heart diseases. The review covers the clinical applications of novel biomarkers, such as high-sensitivity troponin, galectin-3, source of tumorigenicity 2, B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, growth differentiation factor 15, myeloperoxidase, fatty acid-binding protein, C-reactive protein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, microRNAs, circulating endothelial cells, and ischemia-modified albumin. These biomarkers have demonstrated potential in identifying people who are at high risk for developing heart disease and in providing prognostic data. Given the complexity of cardiac illnesses, the multiple-marker approach to risk assessment is extremely beneficial. Implementing the multiple-marker strategy can improve risk stratification, diagnostic accuracy, and patient care in heart disease patients.
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