The microbiome in post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS)
Cheng Guo1, Boyang Yi2, Jianyong Wu3
1Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
Abstract:
Post-Acute Infection Syndrome (PAIS) is a relatively new medical terminology that represents prolonged sequelae symptoms after acute infection by numerous pathogenic agents. Imposing a substantial public health burden worldwide, PASC (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection) and ME/CFS (myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome) are two of the most recognized and prevalent PAIS conditions. The presences of prior infections and similar symptom profiles in PAIS reflect a plausible common etiopathogenesis. The human microbiome is known to play an essential role in health and disease. In this review, we reviewed and summarized available research on oral and gut microbiota alterations in patients with different infections or PAIS conditions. We discussed key theories about the associations between microbiome dysbiosis and PAIS disease development, aiming to explore the mechanistic roles and potential functions the microbiome may have in the process. Additionally, we discuss the areas of knowledge gaps and propose the potential clinical applications of the microbiome for prevention and treatment of PAIS conditions.
Insights
Post-Acute Infection Syndrome (PAIS) involves long-term symptoms after infections. This review explores how gut and oral microbiome changes may cause PAIS, including conditions like PASC and ME/CFS.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Post-Acute Infection Syndrome (PAIS) encompasses prolonged symptoms following various infections.
- Conditions like post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) are significant PAIS examples.
- Similarities in symptoms and infection history suggest a common underlying cause for PAIS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize research on oral and gut microbiota alterations in patients with infections and PAIS.
- To discuss theories linking microbiome dysbiosis to PAIS development.
- To explore the microbiome's mechanistic roles and potential functions in PAIS pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on oral and gut microbiota in infectious and PAIS conditions.
- Analysis of proposed etiological theories connecting microbiome alterations to PAIS.
- Identification of knowledge gaps and potential clinical applications.
Main Results:
- Microbiota dysbiosis is frequently observed in patients with various infections and PAIS.
- The review highlights plausible mechanistic links between microbiome alterations and PAIS symptoms.
- Specific microbial signatures and functions are implicated in PAIS development.
Conclusions:
- The human microbiome plays a critical role in the development and progression of PAIS.
- Understanding microbiome dysbiosis offers potential therapeutic targets for PAIS prevention and treatment.
- Further research is needed to elucidate specific microbial mechanisms and develop clinical interventions.
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