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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Corrigendum to 'Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents for preventing mosquito bites: a systematic review and meta-analysis' EBioMedicine Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents for preventing mosquito bites: a systematic review and meta-analysis 119 (2025) 105891/10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105891 Sep: 119: 105891.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies
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Topical Application Bioassay to Quantify Insecticide Toxicity for Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies

Published on: January 19, 2022

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Topical repellents for malaria prevention.

Juan Carlos Gabaldón Figueira1, Martin G Wagah2, Lawrence Babu Adipo3,4

  • 1Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Topical repellents may slightly reduce malaria incidence and prevalence, particularly for high-risk groups like refugees. However, evidence is limited, and their benefit is likely minimal when other malaria control interventions are used.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Vector-Borne Diseases

Background:

  • Insecticide-based malaria vector control, including long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), is effective but has limitations.
  • Gaps exist in preventing malaria transmission outdoors or outside regular sleeping hours, necessitating complementary tools.
  • Topical repellents offer a potential solution for populations not fully covered by standard interventions, such as refugees or military personnel.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence exists to confirm topical repellent effectiveness when other malaria control interventions are in place.
  • Low certainty of evidence, mainly due to risk of bias, limits definitive conclusions.
  • Further adequately powered trials in refugee settings are needed; individual protection benefits may be limited in contexts with existing interventions.