Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

26.4K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
26.4K
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

34.6K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
34.6K
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

14.8K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
14.8K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
In- and Out-Groups01:31

In- and Out-Groups

39.1K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
39.1K
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.4K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early reduction in aversive Pavlovian bias as a mediator of anhedonia improvement during Behavioural Activation in realistic treatment settings.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Protocol for a randomized trial to predict the efficacy of cognitive and behavioral interventions for symptoms of depression.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Efficacy, moderators and mediators of cognitive behavioural analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) versus behavioural activation (BA) in persistently depressed treatment-resistant inpatients: study protocol for the multicentre, randomised controlled <i>changePDD</i> trial.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Indecision and recency-weighted evidence integration in non-clinical and clinical settings.

Nature human behaviour·2026
Same author

Delay discounting correlates with depression but does not predict relapse after antidepressant discontinuation.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Reduced harm aversion relates to antisocial behaviors and orbitofrontal atrophy in dementia patients.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

757

A social inference model of idealization and devaluation.

Giles W Story1, Ryan Smith2, Michael Moutoussis3

  • 1Division of Psychiatry, University College London.

Psychological Review
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a Bayesian model for dichotomous thinking, or "splitting," explaining how rigid "Good" or "Bad" beliefs form and update. The model quantifies splitting susceptibility and shows distinct patterns in borderline personality disorder versus healthy individuals.

More Related Videos

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K
Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials
09:40

Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Published on: November 15, 2014

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

757
Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

17.4K
Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials
09:40

Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Published on: November 15, 2014

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Psychiatry
  • Psychiatric Disorders

Background:

  • Polarized beliefs, termed dichotomous thinking or "splitting," are common and characteristic of several psychiatric disorders.
  • Existing theories are descriptive; a quantitative model is needed to explain the emergence and updating of these rigid beliefs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a Bayesian model of splitting that quantifies the tendency to categorize individuals or objects as strictly "Good" or "Bad."
  • To predict how dichotomous beliefs are formed and updated based on new information, accounting for context-dependency and temporal stability.
  • To measure individual differences in splitting susceptibility and its manifestation in clinical populations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a Bayesian computational model to parameterize rigid categorization of objects as "Good" or "Bad."
  • Modeled the attribution of counter-evidence to external factors to consolidate idealized or devalued beliefs.
  • Fitted the model to empirical data from healthy participants and individuals with borderline personality disorder.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates how splitting can be context-dependent yet stable over time, with belief shifts triggered by sufficient counter-evidence.
  • Healthy participants showed less changeable character impressions when holding a "Good" belief, while those with borderline personality disorder exhibited higher, symmetric splitting.
  • The model successfully quantifies individual susceptibility to relational instability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Bayesian framework offers a quantitative account of dichotomous thinking and its update mechanisms.
  • Splitting dynamics differ significantly between healthy individuals and those with borderline personality disorder, highlighting clinical relevance.
  • The generative model has potential applications in understanding and modeling relational and affective dynamics in psychotherapy.