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DIAGNOSTIC PATTERNS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Zain S Hussain1,2, Gloria Wu3, Asad Loya4

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Asian Americans show higher prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This trend is accelerating over time in specific Asian subgroups, highlighting disparities in eye health.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults.
  • Understanding demographic-specific prevalence is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
  • Medicare data provides a valuable resource for analyzing AMD prevalence in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of AMD among Asian and non-Hispanic White Medicare beneficiaries.
  • To analyze how prevalence varies by age, sex, and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension).
  • To identify trends in AMD prevalence over time within these demographic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort analysis of 100% Medicare Fee-For-Service data (2014-2018).
  • Included beneficiaries aged 40 and older, focusing on Asian and non-Hispanic White populations.
  • Prevalence rate ratios (Asians vs. non-Hispanic Whites) calculated using regression models, stratified by demographics and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Over 21 million beneficiaries met inclusion criteria; 3.2% were Asian.
  • Asian beneficiaries aged 40-64 had significantly higher AMD prevalence rates than non-Hispanic Whites (males: 1.73, females: 1.34).
  • Significant increases in prevalence rate ratios over time were observed across various age groups, sexes, and comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Asian Americans exhibit a higher prevalence of AMD compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
  • Specific Asian subpopulations are experiencing a disproportionately accelerated increase in AMD prevalence.
  • These findings underscore the need for culturally tailored strategies to address AMD disparities.