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Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years
Ippei Takahashi1, Taku Obara1,2,3, Mami Ishikuro1,2
1Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
JAMA Pediatrics
|August 21, 2023
Summary
Increased screen time in 1-year-olds is linked to developmental delays in communication and problem-solving skills at ages 2 and 4. These findings highlight the importance of considering specific developmental domains when assessing screen time effects on children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric developmental psychology
- Public health and epidemiology
- Child development studies
Background:
- The specific developmental domains associated with early childhood screen time and the persistence of these associations with age remain unclear.
- Understanding these relationships is crucial for guiding parental recommendations and public health policies regarding screen time exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between screen time exposure at 1 year of age and developmental delays across five domains (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, personal-social skills) at ages 2 and 4 years.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study involving 7097 mother-child pairs from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study in Japan.
- Children's screen time at 1 year was categorized (<1, 1 to <2, 2 to <4, ≥4 hours/day).
- Developmental delays at ages 2 and 4 were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition, with delay defined as <2 standard deviations from the mean score in each domain.
Main Results:
- Higher screen time at 1 year was significantly associated with increased risk of developmental delay at age 2 in communication, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal-social skills domains.
- At age 4 years, significant associations were found for developmental delays in communication and problem-solving domains.
- The strongest associations were observed for children with ≥4 hours/day of screen time compared to those with <1 hour/day.
Conclusions:
- Greater screen time exposure in 1-year-old children is associated with developmental delays in communication and problem-solving at ages 2 and 4 years.
- These findings underscore the need to consider specific developmental domains distinctly when evaluating the impact of screen time on child development.
- The results suggest potential long-term implications for cognitive and social development, warranting further research and targeted interventions.
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