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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Effective practice and instruction: A skill acquisition framework for excellence.

A Mark Williams1, Nicola J Hodges2

  • 1Health Span, Resilience, and Performance Research Group, Institute of Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|August 21, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores skill acquisition in sports, offering five action points to bridge the theory-practice gap for coaches and practitioners. It emphasizes optimizing practice, assessment, and instruction for improved sports performance.

Keywords:
Motor skill learningchallenge pointsindividual differencesrepetitionspecificity

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Area of Science:

  • Sport Science
  • Motor Learning
  • Coaching Science

Background:

  • Revisiting the importance of skill acquisition research in sport.
  • Addressing the theory-practice divide in coaching.
  • Highlighting potential myths in current coaching practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reflect on progress in skill acquisition research.
  • To present actionable strategies for coaches and practitioners.
  • To suggest future research directions in sports skill learning.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of the theory-practice gap in sport.
  • Identification of key factors in skill learning.

Main Results:

  • Five action points proposed for advancing skill acquisition for excellence (SAFE).
  • Discussion on optimizing practice quality, challenge, and competition specificity.
  • Emphasis on assessment methods, repetition vs. specific practice, and instructional approaches (hands-off vs. hands-on).

Conclusions:

  • Need for increased collaboration between researchers and practitioners.
  • Framework for improving skill learning and performance in applied sport settings.
  • Addressing individual differences and practice conditions for effective skill development.