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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
200
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

568
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
492
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

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Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Hormone Therapy: Menopausal Hormone Therapy.

Allison Eubanks1

  • 1Navy Medical Readiness and Training Command (NMRTC) - U.S. Naval Hospital Rota, PSC 819 Box 18 FPO, AE 09645-0018.

FP Essentials
|August 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) effectively treats bothersome menopausal symptoms like hot flashes. However, MHT carries risks, including increased chances of blood clots and breast cancer, requiring careful individual assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Menopause Management

Background:

  • Menopause significantly reduces estrogen, causing symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness, impacting quality of life for over 75% of women.
  • Menopausal symptoms can include vaginal dryness, itching, dyspareunia, mood changes, hot flushes, and night sweats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) for managing menopausal symptoms.
  • To outline current recommendations for MHT initiation, administration, and ongoing risk-benefit assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) efficacy and safety.
  • Analysis of current clinical guidelines and risk factors associated with MHT.

Main Results:

  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) is the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms and offers benefits like reduced fracture risk and improved vaginal atrophy.
  • MHT is associated with increased risks of venous thromboembolism and breast cancer, necessitating careful patient selection.
  • Available MHT formulations include oral, intramuscular, transdermal, and intravaginal routes.

Conclusions:

  • Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) decision-making requires individualized assessment, balancing symptom relief against potential risks.
  • The lowest effective dose for the shortest duration should be used, with regular reassessment of the risk-benefit profile.
  • MHT is typically considered for women under 60 or within 10 years of menopause onset experiencing bothersome vasomotor symptoms.