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Formation of Species

Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.

Speciation Rates

Speciation Rates

Genetics of Speciation

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.

What is a Species?

What is a Species?

Red Algae

Red Algae

Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...

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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Colonization of Euprymna scolopes Squid by Vibrio fischeri

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Published on: March 1, 2012

Atlantic Oceanic Squids in the "Grey Speciation Zone".

Fernando Á Fernández-Álvarez¹, Gustavo Sanchez², Diego Deville³

¹Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Integrative and Comparative Biology

|August 21, 2023

Summary

Oceanic squids reveal significant cryptic biodiversity, challenging species identification. Further research is needed to accurately assess marine biodiversity.

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Area of Science:

Marine Biology
Biodiversity Studies
Molecular Ecology

Background:

Cryptic species complexes pose challenges to biodiversity characterization.
Oceanic organisms often exhibit high levels of unrecognized cryptic biodiversity due to perceived lack of barriers to gene flow.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of oceanic barriers on species delimitation in Atlantic and Mediterranean squids.
To identify cryptic biodiversity within oceanic squid morphospecies.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 16 oceanic squid morphospecies from Oegopsida and Bathyteuthida orders.
Utilized three mitochondrial and one nuclear molecular markers.
Applied five distinct species delimitation methods.

Main Results:

Evidence of cryptic biodiversity found in at least four species: Ctenopteryx sicula, Ctenopteryx canariensis, Ancistrocheirus lesueurii, and Galiteuthis armata.
Geographically structured units within Helicocranchia navossae suggest potential speciation or population structure.
Cryptic speciation patterns showed limited correlation with oceanic currents.

Conclusions:

Inconsistencies among markers and methods highlight challenges in oceanic squid species delimitation.
Factors like egg mass bathymetry and paralarval duration may influence geographic distribution.
Many oceanic squid species remain in a 'grey speciation zone' requiring further genomic and morphological research.