Cardiorenal syndrome and iron supplementation-more benefits than risks: a narrative review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Nephrology
• Hematology

Background:

• Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) involves complex interactions between the heart and kidneys.
• Iron deficiency is prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) and CRS, often coexisting with or without anemia.
• Intravenous iron administration is increasingly recognized for its therapeutic potential in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the existing literature on the impact of intravenous iron therapy in patients with CRS and iron deficiency.
• To explore the effects of intravenous iron on cardiac and renal outcomes.
• To highlight the potential benefits for improving patient quality of life and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of published studies.
• Analysis of clinical trial data and observational studies.
• Evaluation of iron's impact on anemia, HF symptoms, hospitalizations, and renal function markers.

Main Results:

• Intravenous iron improves anemia, HF symptoms, and functional capacity in iron-deficient patients.
• Evidence suggests a reduction in HF exacerbation hospitalizations and improved quality of life.
• Emerging data indicate potential improvements in estimated glomerular filtration rate and renal function in CRS patients.

Conclusions:

• Intravenous iron therapy is a valuable intervention for managing iron deficiency in cardiorenal syndrome.
• It offers benefits for both cardiac and renal aspects of CRS, alongside improvements in patient-reported outcomes.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate its clinical implications and optimize its use in patient care.