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Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells

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Sensing nucleotide composition in virus RNA.

Raymon Lo1, Daniel Gonçalves-Carneiro1

  • 1Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K.

Bioscience Reports
|August 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular proteins recognize viral RNA nucleotide composition to control infection. Viruses may evade this by altering their RNA, impacting host-virus interactions and antiviral strategies.

Keywords:
Coding BiasNucleotideVirusantiviralhost-virus interaction

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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
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Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
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Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
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Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA nucleotide composition is vital for RNA structure, function, and recognition.
  • Cellular proteins detect compositional biases in viral RNA during infection, influencing replication.
  • Advanced RNA:protein mapping reveals host proteome's RNA-binding preferences.

Approach:

  • This review explores how cellular proteins recognize nucleotide composition in viral RNA.
  • It examines the impact of these interactions on virus replication.
  • Examples of host factors detecting and limiting infection via RNA motifs are discussed.

Key Points:

  • Host proteins bind G-rich and C-rich sequences in viral RNA to limit infection.
  • Viruses may evolve to remove these motifs, evading host detection.
  • Cellular RNA-binding proteins inhibit viral replication by destabilizing RNA, hindering translation, and blocking encapsidation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cellular protein and viral RNA composition interplay offers insights into host-virus interactions.
  • This knowledge can identify novel targets for developing antiviral therapies.