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COVID-19 deaths on weekends.

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  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Reported COVID-19 deaths were 6% higher on weekends compared to weekdays. This weekend reporting bias persisted throughout the pandemic, potentially impacting public perception of risk.

Keywords:
COVID-19Daily trendsHealthy system performancePitfalls in reasoningRisk perceptionWeekend mortality

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Weekend reporting of mortality data can be affected by reporting delays, staffing variations, and reduced efficiency.
  • These factors may lead to an underestimation of weekday deaths and an overestimation of weekend deaths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether reported daily deaths for COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) exhibit a statistically significant increase on weekends compared to weekdays.
  • To analyze this phenomenon across multiple countries to understand its generalizability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized World Health Organization COVID-19 database for daily death counts from March 7, 2020, to March 7, 2022 (two years).
  • Conducted a primary analysis comparing mean daily deaths on weekends versus the preceding five weekdays.
  • Replicated analyses in ten specific countries: United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Russia, India, Brazil, and Canada.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant increase in mean daily COVID-19 deaths was observed on weekends (8,532) compared to weekdays (8,083), representing a 6% relative increase (95% CI: 3% to 8%).
  • The United States showed the largest absolute increase in weekend deaths (1,483 vs. 1,220), followed by Brazil (1,061 vs. 823).
  • This weekend reporting increase remained significant throughout different pandemic phases and intensity levels.

Conclusions:

  • The observed increase in reported COVID-19 deaths on weekends suggests a potential reporting bias rather than a true surge in mortality.
  • This bias may influence the accurate assessment of community transmission trends and public perception of pandemic risk.
  • Further investigation into reporting mechanisms is warranted to ensure accurate public health surveillance.