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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Automatic phonological access among bilinguals with cross-script languages.

Nan Zhang1, Jinglei Ren1, Min Wang1

  • 1Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|August 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bilingual readers access phonological representations nonselectively across Chinese and English, demonstrating an integrated lexicon regardless of writing system. This phonological priming effect was observed in both word and sentence processing tasks.

Keywords:
Interlingual homophonesbilingualismlanguage nonselective activationsentence processing

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Second Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Understanding how bilinguals process information across different languages and writing systems is crucial.
  • Previous research suggests language processing may be influenced by script type (logographic vs. alphabetic).
  • The concept of an integrated bilingual lexicon proposes shared representations for words across languages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nonselective access to phonological representations in an integrated lexicon among Chinese (L1)-English (L2) bilinguals.
  • To determine if phonological priming occurs across logographic and alphabetic writing systems.
  • To examine the influence of script similarity on bilingual lexical access.

Main Methods:

  • Employed masked priming paradigm with lexical decision task (LDT) and word naming task (Experiments 1 & 2).
  • Utilized a self-paced sentence reading task (Experiment 3).
  • Compared processing times for homophone error words versus control words.

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant homophone priming effect from Chinese (L1) to English (L2) in LDT and word naming.
  • Found no significant homophone priming effect from English (L2) to Chinese (L1).
  • Detected slower processing in the spill-over region for homophone error words during sentence reading.

Conclusions:

  • Phonological priming occurs across logographic and alphabetic scripts in bilinguals.
  • Bilingual reading involves an integrated lexicon that is independent of script similarity.
  • Findings support the hypothesis of nonselective phonological access in bilinguals.