Modification of insulating oils and oil-based titanium dioxide nanofluids for transformers: a review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrical Engineering
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Oil-based titanium dioxide nanofluids (TiO2 NFs) are gaining interest for modified insulating oils.
• Their insulating properties and thermal performance are key for oil-immersed power transformers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in preparation, characterization, and properties of oil-based TiO2 NFs.
• To provide a reference for developing TiO2 NFs for power transformer applications.
• To highlight influencing factors on TiO2 NF properties.

Main Methods:

• Review of preparation methods, including merits and demerits.
• Analysis of characterization techniques (SEM, TEM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, TSC, PEA, etc.).
• Discussion of stabilization mechanisms and property analysis under various factors.

Main Results:

• Various preparation and characterization methods are detailed.
• Key properties are highlighted concerning base oils, crystal structure, nanoparticle size, surface modifiers, concentration, and aging.
• Stabilization mechanisms are thoroughly discussed.

Conclusions:

• Oil-based TiO2 NFs offer significant potential for enhancing insulating oils.
• Further research is needed to address existing challenges and optimize performance.
• This review serves as a valuable reference for future development in the field.