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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
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Oral microbiome and preterm birth.

Marijana Vidmar Šimic1, Aleš Maver2,3, Ana Nyasha Zimani2

  • 1Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Frontiers in Medicine
|August 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Maternal oral microbiome alterations, specifically increased levels of Veillonella, Prevotella, and Capnocytophaga, are linked to preterm birth (PTB). Further research is needed to clarify the role of these bacteria in PTB etiology.

Keywords:
16S rDNA16S rRNA genemicrobiomeoral microbiomepregnancypreterm delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The causes of preterm birth (PTB) are complex and not fully understood.
  • Maternal periodontal disease is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, but specific causative agents remain unidentified.
  • Research is exploring the entire oral microbiome's role in PTB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the oral microbiome composition and PTB.
  • To compare oral microbiomes in women with PTB versus those with term birth (TB).

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 152 Caucasian pregnant women (61 PTB, 91 TB).
  • Oral swab samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region).
  • Exclusion criteria included other major medical or obstetric conditions.

Main Results:

  • Dominant phyla across all participants were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria.
  • Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were more abundant in the PTB group, while Proteobacteria was less prevalent.
  • Genera Veillonella, Prevotella, and Capnocytophaga were enriched in the PTB group, with Veillonella massillensis showing increased levels.

Conclusions:

  • Specific oral genera, Veillonella, Prevotella, and Capnocytophaga, are associated with PTB.
  • This association is independent of clinical infections and other pregnancy complications.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the role of these taxa in PTB etiology.