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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Published on: November 13, 2016

Functional and anatomical connectivity predict brain stimulation's mnemonic effects.

Youssef Ezzyat¹, James E Kragel², Ethan A Solomon³

¹Dept. of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown CT 06459.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|August 23, 2023

Summary

Closed-loop direct brain stimulation improved memory recall in patients. Optimal targeting near white matter pathways and high functional connectivity enhanced memory benefits.

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

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Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Neuromodulation

Background:

Direct brain stimulation offers potential for modulating neural activity and behavior.
Optimal targeting strategies for brain stimulation remain underexplored for specific cognitive functions.
Understanding network properties is crucial for effective neuromodulation.

Approach:

Investigated closed-loop direct brain stimulation in 47 neurosurgical patients during memory tasks.
Utilized multivariate classifiers to trigger lateral temporal cortex (LTC) stimulation based on memory function predictions.
Examined the impact of stimulation targeting on anatomical and functional network properties.

Key Points:

Lateral temporal cortex (LTC) stimulation enhanced memory performance when delivered to targets near white matter pathways.
Memory improvements were most significant for targets with high functional connectivity to the brain's memory network.
Stimulation at optimal targets reduced low-frequency activity, a marker of successful memory encoding.

Conclusions:

Anatomical and functional network properties mediate the behavioral and physiological effects of brain stimulation.
Closed-loop LTC stimulation demonstrates efficacy in improving episodic memory.
Optimized stimulation targeting can enhance neuromodulation outcomes.