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Pacing Variation in Multistage Ultramarathons: Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

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Men exhibit greater pacing variation than women in ultramarathons, particularly in longer races. Higher pacing variation correlates with lower performance for all athletes, including nonfinishers.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Ultraendurance Athletics

Background:

  • Ultramarathon running is a globally popular ultraendurance sport with a growing number of participants.
  • Previous research lacks long-term comparisons of pacing and performance in multistage ultramarathons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze pacing strategies of successful finishers and nonfinishers in multistage ultramarathons worldwide.
  • To investigate the influence of gender, age, and event distance on pacing variation and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 4079 athletes (3288 men, 791 women) across 99 multistage ultramarathon events from 1983 to 2021.
  • Utilized general linear models (GLMs) to assess pacing variation in relation to gender, age, event distance, and finishing rank.
  • Examined performance differences between male and female finishers and nonfinishers.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in ultramarathon events, finishers, and nonfinishers were observed over the study period.
  • Men demonstrated higher pacing variation than women, especially in longer events and specific age groups (U30, U35, U45, U50).
  • Pacing variation increased with race distance for both genders; higher pacing variation was linked to lower performance across all participants.

Conclusions:

  • Multistage ultramarathons present increasing performance challenges with a growing competitor base.
  • Men generally display less even pacing than women, with this trend amplified in longer race distances.
  • A greater degree of pacing variation is consistently associated with diminished performance outcomes for both male and female ultramarathoners.