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Task-based explanation for genre effects: Evidence from a dependency treebank.

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Summary

Genre effects in second language (L2) writing are driven by cognitive load, not just task demands. Dependency distance measures reveal how cognitive factors influence linguistic features across different L2 writing genres and proficiency levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Second Language Acquisition
  • Cognitive Linguistics
  • Applied Linguistics

Background:

  • Genre effects in second language (L2) writing are often attributed to task complexity or communicative demands.
  • The role of cognitive factors in these genre effects remains unclear.
  • Existing research lacks empirical evidence on the cognitive mechanisms underlying L2 writing genre variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cognitive factors in L2 writing by examining genre effects.
  • To provide empirical evidence for the cognitive load hypothesis in L2 writing.
  • To analyze how different genres (argumentative, narrative, descriptive) impact L2 writers' cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dependency-grammar-based measures to analyze 540 L2 compositions from three proficiency groups.
  • Calculated mean dependency distances and their distributions across genres.
  • Examined five types of dependency relations to assess cognitive load and genre-specific patterns.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in dependency distance distributions were found across genres for all proficiency levels.
  • Dependency distance variations indicated the involvement of cognitive factors in L2 writing.
  • Phrasal dependency relations showed consistent genre effects irrespective of proficiency, while clausal relations suggested proficiency-related cognitive thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Genre effects on L2 writing are significantly influenced by the cognitive demands inherent in different writing tasks.
  • Cognitive load, as reflected by dependency distance, plays a crucial role in shaping linguistic features across genres.
  • The impact of genre on L2 writing may vary depending on the learner's language proficiency level.