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Related Experiment Videos

The development of primary process in children's Rorschachs.

G V Caprara, R R Holt, M F Pazielli

    Journal of Personality Assessment
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study on Italian schoolchildren found that primary process thinking decreases with age, particularly in boys. Control measures, like form level, improved with age, especially in girls, though retest effects influenced results.

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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Psychology
    • Child Psychology
    • Psychological Assessment

    Background:

    • The Rorschach test is a projective psychological test used to assess personality characteristics.
    • Understanding developmental trends in cognitive processes is crucial for child psychology.
    • Previous research has explored age-related changes in psychological measures, but longitudinal data in specific populations is valuable.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate developmental trends in primary process thinking and control measures using the Rorschach test in Italian schoolchildren.
    • To examine age and sex differences in these psychological indicators.
    • To assess the impact of repeated testing (retest effects) on developmental trajectories.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study involving three cohorts of normal Italian schoolchildren (55 boys, 47 girls).

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  • Rorschach tests administered at specified age intervals (6-8, 9-11, 12-13 years).
  • Primary process thinking scored using Holt's method; control measures included mean form level.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary process thinking generally decreased with age across both sexes.
    • This decrease was statistically significant in boys for overall primary process, Level 2 responses, and content.
    • Mean form level showed significant advancement with age in the total sample and among girls, indicating improved cognitive control.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive development, as measured by Rorschach indices, shows distinct age-related trajectories.
    • Sex differences in the developmental patterns of primary process thinking were observed.
    • Retest effects can significantly influence longitudinal findings in psychological assessments, highlighting the need for careful interpretation.