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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
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Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

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T cell control of inflammaging.

Irina Shchukina1, Pavla Bohacova1, Maxim N Artyomov1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Seminars in Immunology
|August 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Aging significantly alters T cells, impacting immune function and contributing to inflammaging. This review details T cell changes and their role in age-related inflammation and physiological dysfunction.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • T cells are crucial immune components found throughout the body.
  • The aging process profoundly affects T cell subsets, making them highly susceptible to functional decline.
  • These age-related T cell alterations are linked to significant health issues, including inflammaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-related changes in T cell functionality.
  • To explore the contribution of these T cell changes to inflammaging.
  • To summarize mechanisms linking T cell aging to abnormal physiological outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on T cell aging.
  • Analysis of age-associated functional T cell dysregulations.
  • Synthesis of evidence connecting T cell changes to inflammaging.

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Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
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Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist

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Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
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Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

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Spatial and Temporal Control of T Cell Activation Using a Photoactivatable Agonist
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Main Results:

  • Aging impairs T cell functions, including cytokine/chemokine production and cytotoxicity.
  • Altered T cell function is a key driver in the development and persistence of inflammaging.
  • Specific mechanisms are identified through which aged T cells promote detrimental physiological changes.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related T cell dysfunction is a central factor in inflammaging.
  • Understanding these changes is vital for addressing age-related diseases.
  • Targeting T cell aging may offer therapeutic strategies for promoting healthy aging.