Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

321
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
321
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

48
The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers of polysaccharides that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. These structures serve as formidable protective barriers, preventing...
48
Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

11.1K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
11.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical decision support in hematological malignancies using a case-grounded AI agent.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Pooled combinatorial screening identifies transcription factor sets that drive hematopoietic progenitor-like cell fate.

Cell systems·2026
Same author

High-risk single-refractory and double-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: feasibility and impact of alloHCT.

Blood advances·2026
Same author

Single-cell and spatial profiling in cancer biology and clinical oncology.

Nature cancer·2026
Same author

<i>In vivo</i> interrogation of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators of lung epithelial regeneration.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Fiber intake associates with increased treatment response in patients with multiple myeloma along with changes in gut microbiome.

Blood advances·2026
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
10:01

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

5.9K

Cell type-specific delivery by modular envelope design.

Daniel Strebinger1,2,3,4,5, Chris J Frangieh1,2,3,4,5,6, Mirco J Friedrich1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

Nature Communications
|August 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed DIRECTED, a modular gene delivery platform. This system uses customizable envelope proteins to target specific cells, overcoming a major hurdle in experimental therapy delivery.

More Related Videos

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform
08:02

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform

Published on: November 7, 2013

12.9K
Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery
10:51

Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery

Published on: August 7, 2014

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
10:01

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

5.9K
Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform
08:02

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform

Published on: November 7, 2013

12.9K
Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery
10:51

Microscale Vortex-assisted Electroporator for Sequential Molecular Delivery

Published on: August 7, 2014

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Effective gene delivery vectors are crucial for translating experimental therapies into clinical applications.
  • Current enveloped delivery systems rely on viral envelope proteins for cell targeting and membrane fusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modular and programmable platform for targeted gene delivery.
  • To overcome limitations in current delivery vectors by enabling customizable cell type specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of DIRECTED (Delivery to Intended REcipient Cells Through Envelope Design), a platform with separate fusion and targeting components.
  • Implementation of strategies to immobilize antibodies on viral envelopes, including a chimeric antibody binding protein and SNAP-tag technology.
  • Testing compatibility of various viral fusogens and delivery chassis (lentivirus, MMLV gag) with the DIRECTED platform.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated high modularity and programmable cell type specificity for gene delivery.
  • Successfully recruited or immobilized antibodies and other proteins as targeting molecules on the viral envelope.
  • Showcased compatibility of DIRECTED with multiple viral fusogens and delivery chassis.
  • Achieved targeted delivery to specific cell types, including primary human T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole blood.

Conclusions:

  • DIRECTED provides a versatile and adaptable platform for targeted gene delivery.
  • The system enhances the potential for precise delivery of genetic cargo to specific cell types.
  • This technology addresses a significant obstacle in the advancement of experimental therapies.