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Three-month antibody persistence of a bivalent Omicron-containing booster vaccine against COVID-19

Spyros Chalkias1, Charles Harper2, Keith Vrbicky2

  • 1Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA. spyros.chalkias@modernatx.com.

Nature Communications
|August 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The Omicron-BA.1 bivalent vaccine (mRNA-1273.214) showed superior neutralizing antibody responses against Omicron BA.1 compared to the original mRNA-1273 vaccine. Both vaccines demonstrated similar safety profiles 91 days post-booster.

Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants like Omicron necessitates updated vaccine formulations.
  • Previous studies evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of bivalent vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the safety and immunogenicity of an Omicron-BA.1-containing bivalent vaccine (mRNA-1273.214) with the original mRNA-1273 vaccine as a second booster.
  • To assess antibody responses against Omicron BA.1 and ancestral SARS-CoV-2 at 91 days post-vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • A Phase 2/3 study (NCT04927065) involving adults who received primary series and a first booster of mRNA-1273.
  • Participants received a second booster of either mRNA-1273 (50-µg) or mRNA-1273.214 (50-µg).
  • Safety and immunogenicity, including neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers and seroresponse, were measured at days 29 and 91.

Main Results:

  • mRNA-1273.214 elicited significantly higher Omicron-BA.1 nAb titers compared to mRNA-1273 at day 91 (964.4 vs. 624.2).
  • Antibody responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 were similar between the two vaccines at day 91.
  • mRNA-1273.214 also induced higher binding antibody responses against Omicron BA.1 and other variants (alpha, gamma, delta).
  • Safety profiles were comparable for both vaccine groups.

Conclusions:

  • The Omicron-BA.1 bivalent vaccine (mRNA-1273.214) offers improved antibody responses against Omicron BA.1 compared to the original mRNA-1273 vaccine.
  • The bivalent vaccine maintains a similar safety profile to the original vaccine.
  • These findings support the use of bivalent vaccines for enhanced protection against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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