Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

8.7K

Regulated cell death pathways and their roles in homeostasis, infection, inflammation, and tumorigenesis

Ein Lee1, Chang-Hyun Song2, Sung-Jin Bae3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.

Experimental & Molecular Medicine
|August 23, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Four regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, are crucial for homeostasis and host defense. Emerging evidence reveals crosstalk among these pathways, leading to the concept of PANoptosis, particularly in infectious diseases and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Regulated cell death (RCD) pathways like pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis are vital for clearing infected or neoplastic cells, maintaining homeostasis, and defending against pathogens.
  • These pathways are crucial in various diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.
  • To discuss the importance of these RCD pathways in maintaining homeostasis.
  • To explore the crosstalk among RCD pathways and the emerging concept of PANoptosis, especially in infectious diseases and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic and biochemical studies.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular processes of RCD pathways.
  • Focus on evidence supporting PANoptosis in infectious diseases and cancer.

Main Results:

  • Distinct molecular mechanisms underlie pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis.
  • Significant crosstalk and flexibility exist among these RCD pathways.
  • Evidence supports the conceptualization of PANoptosis, a combined pathway, particularly in response to infection.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RCD pathways and their crosstalk is essential for maintaining health and combating disease.
  • The concept of PANoptosis offers new insights into cellular responses to infection and cancer.
  • Further research into RCD mechanisms can inform the development of novel therapeutics for infection, sterile inflammation, and cancer.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death10:23

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death

Published on: January 20, 2023

3.3K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Using Human Organoids10:03

Author Spotlight: Understanding Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Intestinal Epithelial Cells Using Human Organoids

Published on: August 2, 2024

1.5K

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
7.4K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.4K
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
11.6K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.6K
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.5K
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.2K