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Improving coral cover using an integrated pest management framework.

Jacob G D Rogers1,2, Éva E Plagányi2, Russell C Babcock2

  • 1School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrated pest management (IPM) for crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) on the Great Barrier Reef shows that higher density thresholds improve management robustness. Lower thresholds can be ineffective "effort sinks" during outbreaks.

Keywords:
Effort Sinkadaptive managementcoral predatorcoral reefcorallivorecrown-of-thorns starfishecological thresholdsfunctional eradicationmarine invertebratepest management

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology and conservation biology
  • Ecological modeling and management strategy optimization

Background:

  • Integrated pest management (IPM) principles are rarely applied to marine ecosystems.
  • Crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) outbreaks cause significant coral loss on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR).
  • Current GBR CoTS management uses direct culling based on ecological thresholds but lacks optimization analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess alternative CoTS management scenarios for improving coral cover.
  • To analyze the performance of different ecological threshold targets, sensitivities, and management resourcing levels.
  • To quantify trade-offs between resourcing, CoTS/coral dynamics, threshold stringency, and management scale.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multispecies modeling approach to simulate CoTS and coral population dynamics.
  • Evaluated various management scenarios varying in CoTS density thresholds and resource allocation.
  • Analyzed the impact of different threshold strategies on control effectiveness and geographical coverage.

Main Results:

  • Low CoTS density thresholds (≤0.03 starfish/min) acted as 'effort sinks,' limiting control at other sites during outbreaks.
  • Higher density thresholds (0.04-0.08 starfish/min), linked to coral cover, proved more robust to resourcing constraints.
  • Optimized thresholds balanced resource dilution across sites, enhancing resilience to population dynamics and resourcing limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Threshold-based management strategies for CoTS on the GBR involve critical trade-offs.
  • Higher, ecologically-tuned density thresholds are more effective and robust under outbreak conditions.
  • Findings inform the practical implementation of IPM strategies for coral reef pest management.