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[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefixime in pediatrics]
Insights
This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefixime (CFIX) in children. CFIX demonstrated favorable absorption, distribution, and excretion, supporting its use as an oral cephalosporin antibiotic in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Antibiotic Therapy
Context:
- Cefixime (CFIX) is a third-generation oral cephalosporin antibiotic.
- Pediatric populations often require specific pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations for antibiotic efficacy and safety.
- Understanding drug behavior in children is crucial for optimizing treatment regimens.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical effects of cefixime in pediatric patients.
- To determine serum and urinary concentrations, half-life, and AUC of CFIX at different pediatric doses.
- To assess the clinical efficacy of CFIX in treating common pediatric infections.
Summary:
- Cefixime (CFIX) was administered to pediatric patients at doses of 1.5 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg, and as a 50 mg dose in granules or capsules.
- Pharmacokinetic parameters including peak serum concentration, half-life, and AUC were determined, showing dose-dependent increases.
- Urinary recovery rates and peak concentrations indicated significant CFIX excretion.
- Clinical efficacy was observed in 26 children with various infections, including tonsillitis, bronchitis, scarlet fever, and urinary tract infections, treated with an average dose of 2.6 mg/kg for 11 days.
Impact:
- The findings support the use of cefixime as an effective oral antibiotic option for pediatric infections.
- This research provides valuable pharmacokinetic data for pediatric dosing recommendations.
- The study contributes to the understanding of cefixime's behavior and effectiveness in children.
Abstract:
Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, in pediatric field were investigated. The result obtained were summarized as follows. CFIX (5% granules) was given to each of 5 children twice in a single dose of 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg in a cross-over trial. The mean peak serum concentration of CFIX was 0.64 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after given the dose of 1.5 mg/kg and 1.15 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg. The mean half-life and the mean AUC values were 2.72 hours and 4.10 micrograms X hr/ml, respectively after the dose of 1.5 mg/kg, and 2.77 hours and 8.26 micrograms X hr/ml after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg. The urinary recovery was investigated in 5 children after the dose of CFIX of 1.5 mg/kg and in 4 children after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg. The mean peak urinary concentrations of CFIX and the mean 12-hour urinary recovery rates were 10.6-67.9 micrograms/ml at 2-10 hours and 15.7% after the dose of 1.5 mg/kg, and were and were 6.16-230 micrograms/ml at 2-8 hours and 18.9% after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. CFIX was given to 6 children twice in a single dose of 50 mg either in the form of 5% granules or in capsules in a cross-over trial. The mean peak serum concentrations, half-life and AUC values were 1.26 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 3.09 hours and 9.63 micrograms X hr/ml, respectively after the dose of 50 mg CFIX in 5% granules, and were 1.16 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 2.87 hours, and 7.82 micrograms X hr/ml, respectively after the dose of 50 mg in capsules. The urinary recovery was investigated in 5 children. The mean peak urinary concentrations and the mean 12-hour urinary recovery rates were 19.1-114 micrograms/ml at 4-10 hours and 15.7%, respectively after the dose of 50 mg in 5% granules, and were 8.16-89.0 micrograms/ml at 4-10 hours and 11.3%, respectively after the dose of 50 mg in capsules. Clinical efficacy of CFIX was investigated in a total of 26 children including 2 with tonsillitis, 2 with acute bronchitis, 2 with scarlet fever and 20 with urinary tract infection. Each of children were given orally a dose of 2.6 mg/kg CFIX 2-3 times a day for 11 days in average.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)