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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Can We Reduce the Rate of Rotator Cuff Repair Failure with the Local Supplementation of an Amino Acid?: Commentary on an article by Haoyuan Wang, MD, et al.: "Glutamine Promotes Rotator Cuff Healing by Ameliorating Age-Related Osteoporosis".

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The Impact of Malnutrition on Healing After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Commentary on an article by Hitoshi Shitara, MD, PhD, et al.: "Preoperative Nutrition Impacts Retear Rate After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair".

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Risk Factors for Stiffness Requiring Intervention After Ream-and-Run Arthroplasty.

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Can We Reliably Compare Outcomes of Ream-and-Run and Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty?: Commentary on an article by James Levins, MD, et al.: "Comparison of Humeral-Head Replacement with Glenoid-Reaming Arthroplasty (Ream and Run) Versus Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. A Matched-Cohort Study".

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

What's New in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

H Mike Kim¹, Jason E Hsu², Eric T Ricchetti³

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume

|August 24, 2023

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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