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"Instant 3D" Angiography: Novel Technique for Rapid Conversion of 2D Angiograms into 3D Stereoscopic Videos
Alick P Wang1, Arunachala Trivedi2, Aneesh Karir3
1Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Background:
Rotational angiography, often referred to as a "spin", is typically presented in 2D. Since rotational angiograms are composed of images acquired from multiple angles, we took advantage of this property to develop a method for converting any rotational angiogram into a 3 dimensional (3D) video.
Methods:
Our aim was to develop a low cost and easily distributable solution without requiring additional hardware or altering acquisition techniques. Six previously acquired rotational angiograms from our institution were imported using custom-written code and exported as anaglyph (red-cyan) videos.
Results:
The resulting 3D videos convey anatomical depth that is not apparent from viewing the 2D images alone. Processing time was 1.3 ± 0.6 s (mean ± SD) per angiogram. The only associated cost was $10 for red-cyan 3D glasses. Using our software, any rotational angiogram with at least 0.3 frames per degree of rotation can be converted into 3D.
Conclusions:
Our solution is an inexpensive and rapid method for generating stereoscopic videos from existing angiograms. It does not require any additional hardware and is readily deployable in low-resource settings. Because the videos are in anaglyph format, they are viewable on any 2 dimensional (2D) display in the interventional suite or operating room, on a mobile device, or at home.
