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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

993
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Updated: Jul 18, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

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Multiple sclerosis: Motor dysfunction.

David S Younger1

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|August 24, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves central nervous system inflammation and degeneration, leading to motor disability. Current treatments may not halt pathology, prompting interest in plasticity-guided approaches to preserve motor function.

Keywords:
Disease-modifying therapyMRIMotor dysfunctionMultiple sclerosisNeural plasticityOligoclonal bands

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease impacting the central nervous system (CNS).
  • MS is characterized by progressive inflammation, neurodegeneration, and accumulation of lesions.
  • This pathology often leads to increasing motor disability in patients.

Approach:

  • Current disease-modifying therapies and immunosuppressants primarily target inflammation to reduce relapses.
  • These treatments may not effectively prevent the long-term accumulation of CNS pathology and motor deficits.
  • Recent research explores plasticity-guided concepts to preserve motor function.

Key Points:

  • MS pathology includes inflammatory lesions, axonal damage, and diffuse CNS changes.
  • Motor disability progressively worsens in most MS patients.
  • Pharmacological treatments for MS have limitations in preventing long-term disability.

Conclusions:

  • There is a growing need for strategies beyond current MS therapies.
  • Neurophysiological and neuroimaging techniques are being investigated.
  • Promoting plasticity is a promising avenue for preserving motor function in MS.