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Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

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Environmental predictors of children's executive functioning development.

James D Lynch^1,2, Yingying Xu³, Kimberly Yolton⁴

¹Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence

|August 25, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood executive functioning (EF) development is influenced by psychosocial factors. Maternal ADHD and relational frustration pose risks, while higher income may protect against EF impairment, suggesting parenting interventions for at-risk children.

Keywords:

Executive functioning child development protective factor risk factor

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Neuroscience
Environmental Health

Background:

Executive functioning (EF) develops throughout childhood.
Psychosocial environmental factors can significantly impact this development.
Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine psychosocial environmental factors as predictors of executive functioning (EF) development.
To identify distinct EF developmental trajectories in children.
To investigate risk and protective factors influencing EF development.

Main Methods:

Utilized longitudinal data from the Health Outcome and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study.
Analyzed data from 271 children and their primary caregivers from birth to age 12.
Identified four distinct EF developmental trajectory groups using statistical analysis.

Main Results:

Four EF developmental trajectory groups were identified: consistently impaired (13.3%), descending impairment (27.7%), ascending impairment (9.95%), and consistently not impaired (49.1%).
Higher maternal ADHD and relational frustration were associated with increased EF difficulties.
Higher family income appeared to be a protective factor against predisposed EF impairment.

Conclusions:

Psychosocial factors play a significant role in shaping executive functioning (EF) development trajectories.
Maternal ADHD and relational frustration are identified risk factors for EF impairment.
Family income may buffer against early EF difficulties, and parenting interventions are recommended for at-risk children.